Microsoft office SharePoint Essay Example for Free

Microsoft component Sh arPoint EssayMicrosoft office Sh atomic number 18Point waiter which is shortened as MOSS is an integrated Microsoft server that provides the side by side(p) operate line of products intuition share board, web content annihilatement, enterprise search, enterprise content services and shared occupancy processes. Microsoft office SharePoint was introduced after SharePoint entry server SPS. Microsoft office SharePoint is a program that has elevated Microsoft office from merely being utilise on the desk top to being utilise online (Hillier, 2005).Compared to Microsoft office that earth-closet only be used on the desktop, Microsoft office SharePoint makes it possible for a server to share the info online. SharePoint is basically a website that bunghole be displayed on the internet with an interface which displays libraries and lists in a protected entropybase. The key word in Microsoft office SharePoint which is share literally means connecting with raft and sharing with them information, memorials and files. SharePoint contains a repress of tools that sack up be utilized for any small personal sprain or a wide range of business services.SharePoint services place be customized very easily use web based management interface or alternatively by using the Microsoft SharePoint designer software. There are in like manner 40 pre-built application templates that assist in organizing the variant components of the web. They are intentional in a way that changes them to accomplish various special tasks delegate to them. Some of these applications are blog, bug database, project tracking and wiki. Microsoft office offers a wide range of products that form part and parcel of its current technologies.These technologies include Windows SharePoint go 3. 0 (WSS), Search Server 2008 Express, Search Server 2008, Forms Server 2007, Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 MOSS Standard, Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 MOS S Enterprise, Microsoft Office Groove Server 2007, Microsoft Office bemuse Server 2007 and Microsoft Office SharePoint Designer. All this products have been knowing to fit in the modern business communication. They upraise the process and method of data sharing and look that business enterprises are informed of the current happenings in the business society.The blusters are prosperous to use and flexible when it comes to change and expansion. Importance of Microsoft Office SharePoint Microsoft office SharePoint has various benefits that make it preferred for use. The application improves peoples productivity by enabling them to receive information needed via the internet (Adams, 2007). It enhances their capability to create and prepare the information and enrolments which makes their jobs easily manageable. Using the Microsoft office SharePoint, the server will induce it easy to manage and track documents that he or she is using.This is due to the enhanced document manageme nt features that enable the server to counter kerb and even change them. The modified features in like manner enable the user to restore past information and determine the sorting of users that entrance money certain files. Microsoft office SharePoint has also enhanced the use of Microsoft office. The menus that were previously available on Microsoft office have been modified making it easy to voyage it. Microsoft office suit which is among the tools in SharePoint increases the speed of the user to use the applications without having to apply new skills.SharePoint has a variety of applications that enable the user to choose the one that is around suitable for him/her. The work spaces available enable the server to design an application that will provide solution to the problem at hand. A collaboration surround has been made easy to build and design as it takes minimum time. The share based SharePoint solution cuts down on the time and effort needed to find such solutions. Micr osoft office SharePoint reduces complexities as it enhances the information stored and reduces on the general management costs.The information stored within the site is so easy to manage that it does non consider the user to have extra skills. Microsoft office SharePoint enables the user to secure his or her information in a design that seems most appropriate for them (Lachev, 2005). This is due to the applications that enable the user to identify security measures in accordance to the document or file. He/she is also able to create security according to the user groups and teams who arsehole also control the kind of information that they receive according to the defined parameters. File sharing using Microsoft SharePoint is highly improvised.It has facilities such as adjustment history, document check in and check-out and storage which allow the user to browse the state of past files and documents stored and reinstate them to the position he/she inclinations. It has also a rec ycle store that enables the user to retrieve the files that were earlier on deleted. Microsoft SharePoint is intentional for both large scale and small scale use. The site can be increased as desired by the user at any time. This allows him to easily draw out his operations whenever he feels the necessity to do so. The applications in Microsoft SharePoint are flexible and also multifunctional.The information stored in SharePoint can be customized in any form to suit a specific function and purpose. It can also be used for a wide variety of functions due to its flexible nature. Therefore, it is suitable for any type of business governing that may wish to use a number of applications. There are six main features on which Microsoft office SharePoint server is built on. They include collaboration, portal, enterprise search, web and enterprise content management, forms driven business process and business intelligence. Pillars of Microsoft Office SharePoint Server CollaborationMicros oft office SharePoint integrates work spaces, surveys, wikis, forums, blogs and tasks which boost the working of the Microsoft 2003 windows. The new features enhance partnership and the sharing of knowledge surrounded by different parties. Some of the applications that can be used to enhance partnership include blog tronix, eTouch, social text, automatic, suited two and base camp (Foster, 2008). The features can be customized and used for different share groups as desired by the server. Through such facilities an organization can easily identify business partners around the world that may be engaging in similar activities.They are also able to identify customers and clients that are interested in their products. inlet Portal is a site that can access everything that is related to enterprise. In the new variance of the 2007 windows, the name portal server is no longer used. Even though some of the features used have not been changed much, at that place are some modifications to t he portal that include master pages, improved search facilities, improvements on the visual studio apartment and a pluggable single sign-on architecture that improves flexibility. The website is based on the profile of the user (Luckett, 2008).Portal enables a personal user to create a site where they can customize them according to their needs. Portal allows the user to make changes to their profile and receive information and updates in a desired format. Enterprise Search Search on SPS 2003 was a bit hectic and made the process of searching different content stores difficult. Microsoft office SharePoint has provided a solution to this problem due to the new features that enhance searching. MOSS 2007 has an ACL-aware that has the ability to search for people and even expertise using both remote and local data stores.Business managers and other developers can effectively force their data and search in accordance to the line of business that they are dealing with. The best bets sear ch features have added a new wave of intelligence to search procedures that make it exciting and reliable. Enterprise search enables a user to access specific information either from stored files or on the site. The facility is designed to suit the search criteria of the user and avoid the inconveniences of spending a circularise of time in retrieving data.Web and Enterprise Content Management Microsoft office SharePoint server provides a wide variety of services that enhance the management of documents. Some of these services include content type base policies, rich descriptive metadata, check in and out document locking, role based access controls at the library of the document and auditing. The contents received via the web can also be effectively managed and recorded. The features can be developed for use both for single or multiple uses depending on the nature of the work being dealt with.It is now easy for different business partners to exchange and transfer content materials as they desire. Locking facilities enable the user to withhold certain information from reaching certain groups and for the most part makes him to take complete charge of what is in the site. Forms Driven Business Process Microsoft office SharePoint has an XML driven info path that can be used on various systems including portable wireless devices. This improves on the rate and extent of communication between business partners, customers and clients in a business.The different stakeholders of the company or organization can access the information they want without having to go with a long process (Ferguson, 2002). It also makes it possible for the business management to determine specific information that can be accessed by the wide variety of stakeholders. The InfoPath is quench being developed to have the ability of handling many more features. This feature has enhanced flexibility in business operations and ensures that a business man is unploughed informed no matter their c urrent location. They are also able to comfortably carry out their business transactions despite their locations.Business Intelligence Microsoft office SharePoint server has improved business intelligence through the web based dash boards excel services and excel web base services, data respiratory integration and line of business integration. SharePoint server is used to take business to a higher level due to the improved work group facilities that it provides. Microsoft office SharePoint was developed in 2003 and a new version launched in 2007. Features are continuously being improved as businesses continue to enjoy the services that improve their operations.Companies and organizations are discovering new business opportunities that will expand their operations. With continuous developments that SharePoint is promising, online business partnerships will be greatly enhanced and a secure storage facility ensured. The Capability of Microsoft SharePoint Microsoft SharePoint has indeed been of great relive for business enterprises especially as it enhances the sharing capabilities of data. The share based portals enables businesses to make them be a one stop enterprise destination. The interfaces are dynamic and a lot of time is saved through enterprise 2.0 function ability has calendars and other interactive properties which enhance communication. It also has an integrated presence that makes it possible for a user to effectively communicate with another user that has been tagged and authorized (English, 2004). It has an improved interface and usability that enhances interactions, makes it smoother and ensure updates are received on time. Navigating data on site has been made simpler and made the discovery of contents easier. Administrators on site can easily role up certain information from substitute sites and transfer it to other portal.It makes it easy to retrieve information on the website and Users who are within the SharePoint environment can now share i nformation from an external RSS feeds. This reduces the conjecture of the information being redundant and enhance corporation among different team members. Microsoft office SharePoint has leverage and security architecture that ensures sensitive business information is kept out of unauthorized view groups. SharePoint contains configurable features that make it possible for the user to give a site a definite description, differentiate web parts and XML endpoints.The 2007 version of Microsoft office SharePoint is compatible in NGES 2. 0. This facility makes it easier for an enterprise to effectively communicate with the customers. Most companies that have adapted the use of RSS to manage vital business information have discovered how versatile the technology is. RSS in combination with Microsoft office SharePoint server are proving to be very economical and reliable confirming the rescue capability of enterprise 2. 0. The 2008 version of the Microsoft office search server that is re ferred to us 2008 express has been greatly enhanced to ensure that the number of files indexed are not limited.However, there is a limitation on stand-alone installations in that it cannot be scaled out to a cluster. Microsoft office SharePoint designer makes it possible for a developer to change data from external sources like Microsoft SQL server without necessarily having to code it against the NET framework (Webb, 2007). Despite the various compliments of Microsoft office SharePoint, it is criticized on the grounds that its tools are not well integrated for developers. Its customized software architecture is also viewed as complex and differs at a higher degree with the other ASP. NET-based web applications.Therefore, there is a need for Microsoft to improve other versions to make them reliable for use by developers. Microsoft office SharePoint 2007 has been designed to effectively work with other technologies, servers and programs. For instance, it is possible to create PowerPo int slides using Microsoft office SharePoint that can be stored in a library. The stored slides can be viewed by other users who can select their desired slide and receive notifications on the same. Updates can also be automatically set so that the new released versions on the SharePoint are received by the user.The different products of Microsoft office SharePoint have been designed to meet the current business needs. It has made the sharing of information between different groups across the borders easier. This sharing of information has made different business enterprises to be updated of the current happenings in the market and thus making informed decisions. The 2007 version of Microsoft office SharePoint enables users to create their own SharePoint sites that they can personally manage and use as they desire.They are also able to share such information with other people throughout the organization. An organization has different departments in which the administrator may desire to communicate different information, Microsoft office SharePoint server 2007 understands such diversity and makes it possible for the administrator to comfortably send specific information to various departments. SharePoint server ensures that only the right people are able to access certain information. Microsoft windows SharePoint services are technologies that have been modified in Microsoft windows SharePoint server.The services are specifically designed to ensure effective networking among business stakeholders. It ensures productivity on the work done by enabling the users to make informed decisions. Microsoft office SharePoint server depends on the services of Microsoft office SharePoint services 3. 0 technology that provide a wide variety of services such as site administration, libraries and site customization. All the features that are available on windows SharePoint services 3. 0 have also been integrated in office SharePoint server.Even though some features are similar Microsoft office SharePoint server 2007 has additional features that relate to different scenarios in publishing and enterprise. Conclusion Microsoft office SharePoint is basically a site that connects business organization with their employees, customers and partners. It was mainly designed due to the varying needs in the business field. The different products of SharePoint enable the server to customize information in a particular way as he/she desires and send it to prospective recipients.Maximum security is guaranteed for the user who may either desire to share certain information with specific people (Langfeld, 2004). It enhances the work of the managers who are able to effectively coordinate the work within their organization. They are able to create a site where different categories of employees are able to access information and receive the necessary updates. It also enables employees to create sites that will keep them updated on their work performance and progress. An emp loyee is able to assign the work and effectively manage his time due to the calendar features that are provided in Microsoft office SharePoint.Modern technology is making interactions and communications easier. Even though it comes with various challenges and shortcomings, Microsoft office SharePoint is still going through improvements (Hillier, 2007). Various research programs are still being done on the features and new features are being added to ensure that the facility serves people better. Improvements being done on SharePoint make it easier for the server to apply them without having to acquire extra skills. As the years move on, technology is inventing more products that can be utilized on SharePoint.These services are exciting to business organizations and companies that have come to realize how the work of managing files and documents can be much simplified. Hence, they are look for more promising advances on SharePoint that will further enhance communication with their s takeholders. REFERENCES Adams S. (2007) Pro SharePoint solution development, California Apress pp39-41 English B. (2004) Microsoft SharePoint products and technologies resource kit, Michigan Microsoft tender pp987-989 Ferguson R. (2002) finicky edition using Microsoft SharePoint Portal Serve, California Que, Publishing pp601Foster K. (2008) SharePoint Best Practices, Louisiana Lulu. com pp134 Hillier S. (2007) Microsoft SharePoint, New York Springer pp27-30 Hillier S. (2005) Microsoft SharePoint, California Apress pp17-22 Lachev T. (2005) Applied Microsoft Analysis Services 2005, Greenville Prologika Press pp9 Langfeld L. (2004) Microsoft SharePoint 2003 unleashed, Michigan Sams pp44-47 Luckett R. (2008) Microsoft Exchange Server 2007, New York McGraw-Hill Professional pp 453 Webb J. (2007) Essential SharePoint 2007, Massachusetts OReilly pp7-11

The Importance of Photography in Market Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Photography in Market EssayNowadays, a cover of multitude atomic number 18 dissatisfied with Computer Generated Images. They kick about unethical behavior in these images beca wasting disease these are usually unreal or copied version of the victor thus, this pictures privy destroy the reputation of any place (Spurgin, 2003). However, there are several reasons that show shooting a real picture is the best way for a business to promote its image.I. Relationship among Photography and BusinessPhotography is one of the steps of be success for a company. The most successful brands achieve fame through their use of iconic vision (Roalfe, 2006, P.26) Long text ads are non serviceable any more, and these are non grab attention of any body. This non the thing that companies wants from ads. This is like just throw money to the garbage. On the a nonher(prenominal) hand, a picture can grab attention of customers just at a glance, this is what really companie s are need. Pictures shape like a hook for Ads. The reaction you want is for your images to hold peoples attention for as long as possible (P.27). However, if picture is perfect, yet irrelevant to companies product is worth nothing. Companies and advertisement agencies can make profit with having right, interesting, relevant and real picture of their ads, or they can have paper which is not worth the paper its printed on. (Muhleman, 2005, P. 23)II. Perfect Picture can Equal Successful Brand.The visuals you use will create a perception of your soused in the mind of the people who see them (P.24). The right picture is worth a thousandwords. It can tell you story, showcase your products, and intrigue, interest or energize your audience (P.23). The picture that a company uses for an ad is presenting not only companys product besides also the personality of the company (Muhleman, 2005).Who, How and How a good deal?To know how best to present yourself and your firm, you first have to know who you are. And thats not always as simple as it sounds (P.25). After the company owners knows who they are and what they want, they can ask for a photo. However, it is difficult to decide which photo is dampen (Muhleman, 2005). However, more difficult thing is to find and claim a lensman. Uli Weber, photographer, gives an example choosing photographer for MS company is never as easy as one might think. MS is not a high fashion brand but it is the nations favorite high-street fashion brand. Most of the top fashion photographers only really specialize in high fashion. Their shots usually turn the models into something instead cold, where as we were looking for warmth and humanity for MS (Roalfe, 2006, P.26).Here is one the way to find the best photographer for a company Better yet, contain help with picture taking from your agency or public relations partner. Theyre already familiar with photographers in area, and can often get you a better deal with the good ones due to other relationship (Muhleman, 2005, P.26). How frequently really should pay for a good photo? There is not a position terms for a perfect image. Price is depending on companys job. Further, companys location, how some photo, when, where and what is subject are make different price (Muhleman, 2005). The best advice is to check around look at photographer portfolios, find a few whose work you likes, and get several quotes.Often negotiate ground on use. Try to get a buy-out of rights so you can use images whenever and wherever you need them (P.26). Price is not as important as people think. If a photographer with cheaper price cannot give company what they really want and need, company will be in trouble because of wasting money and time. Remember, It is not about your own personal choice of what you think might make a good shot its about what is right for the brand (Roalf, 2006, P.26).The other way to have perfect photo is using stock photos. However, there is always one enigma that photos are royalty free. And because youre not buying the rights, theyre wide open to anyone to use at any time, so theres a good chance youll see them in others ads, including your competitors (Muhleman, 2005, P.26). Absolutely, a company pay for the rights to a photo, with high quality, the cost is higher but company has the photo that its needs and wants (Muhleman, 2005).According to Photography Its a Relationship by Graham Medcalf, the other way to find better photographer is having campaign. Thats where the agent comes in, and Force believes strongly in the concept of corporal of different talents that can be recommended to achieve the desired result. Despite this, she says, at the end of the day agencies are going to choose the photographer want to choose (Medcalf, 2008, P.28). III. The effects of digital technology on photo foodstuffDigital technology has effected to different section of market, photographer jobs and photo market which includes manufactures and custom ers behavior (Medcalf, 2008). Photography has sortd more in the past decade than ever before. Digital and internet have meant big changes for the industry and photographers have had to re-educate themselves and adopt to change very quickly (P.26).Further, digital cameras are easy to use which is increasing the number of pictures taken. A lot of people who used to have a photographer for their ceremonies, wedding and anniversaries are taking advantage of digital photo cameras, and they shoot photos by their self. Thus, wedding picture taking has been affected negatively. In fact, wedding photographers are essay to survive by having ads like your wedding day is the most important day for your life (Havkins, J K, 2006, P.35), but ads are not as useful as they need. On the other hand, the other photographers like photojournalism, documentary photographer and action photographer take advantage of stock photography.There are some(prenominal) publications that use images from photogra phers in different markets, because locals do not submit their own work (P.35). Digital technology helps photographer to stock photos easier, faster andcheaper also, with fewer changes from original ones. Another advantage is saving time (Roalfe, 2006). The advantage of working on digital is that you can see the images straight away on screen. This allows for a much quicker turn around because you can pick and choose images as you go along, immediately afterward each shot has been taken (Roalfe, 2006, P.27).The number of digital picture taken has been increased rapidly. Even accounting for population growth the exponential growth of photos is incredible (we take 4 times as many photos as 10 year ago). In total we have now taken over 3.5 trillion photos. The kind of photos we are taking has changed drastically analog photos have almost disappeared but the growth of photos continues. (Good, 2011, Para.5)According to survey by unity marketing (ww.unitymarketingonline.com), 44% of c onsumers agreed with the following statement regarding their participation in photography I enjoy taking pictures. I do so throughout the year, not only for special occasions. I like having a lot of pictures. On the other hand, approximately one third of responders were less involved and agreed with this statement I take pictures occasionally on holidays and special occasions. almost time taking picture is a bother (Miller Washington, 2007, P.86). This survey shows not only people who enjoy photography but also the other sort out prefers to take picture by their self which has been effected photo market U.S. market is a good example. According to the consumer Electronic Association (www.ce.org) 23.16 million digital cameras sold in 2005, a 22.8% increase over 2004. The value of digital cameras sold in 2005 was $6.13 billion, a 29.7% increase (P.86).Photography industries needed to change their throw process lines, machines even staff for producing digital camera that is cost a l ot and take a long time. Kodak was one of the largest photo industries in the world. For beingsuccessful in the market, Kodak had been trying to revenue their process line. According to Picture Imperfect written by Carry Barret and David F. Carr established in September 2004, for hold out as a digital enterprise Kodak were supposed to change all process lines from analog to digital if so they could give new products and services to their customers. Their problem did not only has changed analog camera to digital but also the way people print pictures. People prefer to print at hearthstone instead of taking time to have print from industry printers. They do not need to go out, and they do not need to pay a lot for have high quality photo. They save time and money.On the other hand, home printing has been decreasing the profit of companies like Epson and Canon. In short, after having huge budget for startup new process lines and trying to survive Kodak is facing bankruptcy in 2011(E astman Kodak files for bankruptcy protection, 2012). The effect of digital technology is not only negative. Social network websites like Facebook and Flickr, and digital camera and printer maker industries like Canon, Epson, Hewlett-Packard and Sony are raising huge money annually. In conclusion, photography is one of the most important parts of market.All companies needs photo for their advertising. Because of the digital cameras, the number of photographers has been growing up which makes more competition so companies can have better advertise. This is a sad fact that some businesses have been losing money because of the digital technology. However, the advantages of digital technology are more. People enjoy photography more than past decade, which makes more needs to the market. In addition a lot of businesses have a chance to find customer needs and use them to be successful.ReferencesMiller, R. K., Washington, K. D. (2007). CHAPTER 14 PHOTOGRAPHY. In , Leisure Market Research Handbook (pp. 86-88). Richard K. Miller Associates. Medcalf, G. (2008). Photography Its a relationship thing. Admedia, 23(8), 26-31. Roalfe, M. (2006). THE ART OF PHOTOGRAPHY. Campaign (UK), 26-27. Spurgin, E. W. (2003). Whats Wrong with Computer-Generated Images of beau ideal in Advertising?. Journal Of Business Ethics, 45(3), 257-268. Barrett, L., Carr, D. F. (2004). PICTURE IMPERFECT. Baseline, (34), 28-48. Muhleman, J. (2005). Picture Your Brand. Franchising World,37(2), 23-26. Eastman Kodak files for bankruptcy protection. Retrieved January 19, 2012, from http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-16625725 Good, J. (2011). How many photos have ever been taken?, from http//1000memories.com/blog/94-number-of-photos-ever-taken-digital-and-analog-in-shoebox Hawkins, J. and Hawkins, K. (2006). Marketing and merchandising Techniques for Photographers. Buffalo, N.Y. Amherst Media

Themes in The Sand Fish

Themes in The Sand FishThe Sand FishThemes As a issuing of f ph cardinal number, Maha Gargash succeeds in discussing a lot of issues from the beginning of the novel till its end. One of the of import themes she homoaged to call d consume slightly is marriage and polygamy. Noora has to struggle through her life as she is forced to marry or sobody she does non hunch forward in severalize to live a luxuriant life. Her br some other decides to sell her as a buckle down alternatively of listening to her and instead of letting her victorious in rule of her life. While she thought her life as a wife would be amazing, he also had to suffer in order to deal with her sinkow wives. She also feels that she is always ordered to do things she does non want. However, at the end she feels satisfied after(prenominal) delivering her baby because such baby pees her a modern hope.Moreover, Maha indicates the preparations done to each girl before submitting married in the Arab communit ies as well as the rules of choosing a bully wife according to the point of view of people there. Another theme discussed is the Arab customs and traditions represented in greetings like Assalamu Alaykom, clothes dress by the main characters and customs of marriage along with respecting old people and serving them. The author explains how Noora walks with Jassem in the colonization while poor people disembowel block to her and st ar at her. She also talks ab out(a) how Noora deals with Lateefa and Moza since they argon older than her and how she listens to them solicitudefully. Furthermore, Maha talks about how Noora serves his sustain and serve rise up him with the abide works. On the other side, Maha discusses perfidy due to hidden feelings. Because Noora could not allowed to do what she felt and what she needed to do according to her for protrude, she did eitherthing illegitimate and illicit. She let a irrelevantr touch her and she also betrayed her economize by be ing pregnant from someone else. While some readers could believe that what Noora did was adultery, others feel sorry for her because she was in love and she needed someone to take care of her. Maha also mentions the relationship mingled with gents and sisters represented in the one between Noora and Sager. Although they quarrel, they still care for each other. Another discussed theme is death as Noora lollys to earn memories about her mother Fatma giving her advices and recommendations regarding how to act beautifully and how to wrench like a lady. One of the closely important themes is metaphysics or superstitions spread between brutish and illiterate people as they believe witches cast forces and they john take control of e trulything as well as changing peoples destiny through deceiving them. notwithstanding the concomitant that the witch told Jassem he would have a baby, it turned out not to be his. In addition, Islamic laws are perfectly mentioned in the invention as Maha shows what is Haram and Halal, what is legal and what is illegal. When Noora makes love with Rashid and Hamad, she feels guilty as she violated the rules of her society and religion. Maha depicts perfectly pure love which arouse between Noora and Rashid before her marriage and how she feels secured and unhurt when he touched her. She also mentions the feeling of relief resulted from the love making between her and Hamad. Besides, Maha indicates in her bill the technique of self-monologue as Noora handles thinking and talking with herself most of the novel in order to share her thoughts with the reader and truly express how she feels as well as reacting according to such feelings. On the other hand, scantiness is well explained in the novel of Sand Fish as Noora has to deal with this issue and not being able to do what she has the thirst to do because she is poor. Thats wherefore her chum salmon feels responsible towards her and thats wherefore he tells her he cannot afford her things. Therefore, he sends her as a bride to be married in a new house where she can find a bed to sleep and good food to eat instead of living a harsh life of men between mountains. though Noora gets married, she does not feel joyful. However, she gentlemanages to survive and adapt at the end.CharactersThere are a lot of characters mentioned in the novel of Sand Fish. Here they are as followsNoora-Al-Salmi the main character of the bosh. She is stubborn and childish at the beginning. Nevertheless, she takes good care of her house before and after marriage. She also learns how to become a lady. Although she did a lot of illicit things, she manages at the end to protect herself and her baby.Sager-Al-Salmi Nooras friend. Though he is young, he does not want to show his tenderness and feelings towards his sister because he wants to act like a man. Thats why he sent her to get married to a rich merchandiser in order to live a good life away from poverty and famine.Rashid a young teenager who falls in love with Noora. Though she finds him attractive and though he touches her, he turns to spend a penny away her at the end in order to achieve his mothers desire by getting married to his cousin, Aisha.Ibrahim-Al-Salmi Noora and Sagers father. Maha describes him as a mad man who lost his mind. However, he is very couthie and he loves his daughter so much.Jassem Saeed Bin-Mattar Nooras husband. He is also married to deuce other wives workd Lateefa and Shamsa. Though he expectms stern at the beginning, he turns to become soft and tender once he speaks with Noora and shows her his inner feelings. He also becomes very happy when he subsists that she is pregnant.Hamad Jassems servant. He falls in love with Noora and makes love with her. Thats why she becomes pregnant with his countersign. However, when Noora refuses to escape with him, he travels to India. He also discriminates Jassems pearls to have money exclusively Noora takes them from him in or der to put them cover charge in the cupboard.Zobaida Bint-Sheer the witch who lives with her son Dur-Mamad. She is thought to have the world power to speak with Jinn and control peoples destiny. She also prepares potions and other stuff. She succeeds in deceiving people to take money from them by depending on sorcery. Thats why Jassem goes to her and pays her a lot of money in order to find him a solution so that he could have a baby.PlotThe story talks about a young girl who is seventeen years old. Her name is Noora and she lives with her brother Sager and her insane father Ibrahim. She belongs to Al-Salmi commonwealth. Throughout the story, Noora finds herself forced to do things she does not want to do including being unable to marry the person she loves named Rashid, not having the ability to choose her destiny and refuse to marry someone she does not endure and finally being helpless because of not being capable of escaping with the person she loved after her marriage. She also finds herself responsible for things she believes that she is so young to do such as taking care of the house work and looking after her father and brother. After leaving through many ups and downs and after facing a lot of issues, Noora decides at the end to stay with her husband Jassem and takes care of her baby.SettingThe events of the story take place in the middle of the nineties at the disconnect countries. The characters move also from one place to another through the entire story as Maha Gragash mentions a lot of venues such as Wadeema, Leema and Nassayem. Furthermore, she talks about the life in desert and between mountains as well as the life of tribes and how they manage to survive in this harsh life. She describes the usage of wells and the dependance on dates along with exports from other countries like India and England so that they could be able to have a normal life. Some of these exports are spices and fruits such as turmeric, pomegranate and mangoes. Eventua lly, Maha talks about the activity of pearl diving and how Arabs used to rely on this trade in order to earn money.Narrative voiceMaha depends on the self-monologue as mentioned before. In addition, she explains her story using the technique of the third person. Such technique is used in order to explain how Maha knows the deep secrets of every wholeness character and how she predicts and expects their reactions. Furthermore, she successfully shows their emotions including their fear just as when she describes Nooras fear that someone might reveal her secret of betraying her husband. On the other side, Maha depends on the technique of flashback as she tells the events of her story and suddenly, she talks about old memories and events in order to attract the attention of readers as well as providing them with information she thinks it is necessary so that they could be able to know more about their favorite characters.Language Maha Gargash manipulates words perfectly as her choice o f language and her well explanation of characters shows how perfect she is in using English though she is an Arab writer. Her excellence in language can also be represented in the implementation of many verbs in order to describe voices, scenes and reactions of sheaths as well as gestures. Finally, many readers could find some words difficult for them especially Arab ones but Maha manages to attract their attention and make the story appealing to their tastes.Summary The author Maha Gargash chooses a very unique name in order to call its story. Such name symbolizes the actions done by the main character is the story Noora Al- Salmi. As a matter of fact, Noora is a young girl whose mother is dead and she lives with her brother Sager. In addition, her father is an insane man that does not show any kind of commitment towards his children. Because Noora and Sager live a poor life, Sager, just like any other man in an Arab family, wants to let go of his sister by getting her married in order not to hold the responsibility of becoming the breadwinner of the family.Thats why he brings 2 sisters named Gulsom and Sakina to the chanty where they live in order to find a rich husband for Noora so that she could enjoy a wealthy life away from poverty. In other words, Gulsom and Sakina work as matchmakers. After they arrive to Nooras house, they start to give her advices and recommendations about how to become a good wife as well as checking every single detail and aspect in her tree trunk from head to toe in order to make sure that she would be perfect for the awaited bridegroom. Therefore, they start to hold her cheeks and touch her skin as well as looking at her teeth. They also find out that she has a scar on her chin because she fell when she was playing between rocks. So, they become sad. However, they say that it is not a big deal and that they would find a solution for all the imperfections in her body through depending on the usage of a mixture of cardamom and milk. In addition, they begin to talk about their experience in making young daughters set up to become good brides and they tell Noora that she is lucky because they are here to help her. They also say to her something very important she moldiness(prenominal) abandon her pride and haughtiness in order to live a good life. This is because of the fact that if she decides to speak or talk, her husband would kick her out of home and she will find no place to go or to live. Thats why she must be silent.Noora is very scared and she hopes that Sakina and Gulsom would find something wrong in her body which would not qualify her to get married. However, her hopes are in vain when she discovers that both sisters are happy. Thats when Noora starts to feel like the sand fish after becoming sad and alone in the hut. In the next chapter, Noora is wandering between the mountains of the Arabian Desert in which the desert is very hot when she hears and sees a strange lizard. Because she is sca red, she starts to call her brother Sager to come and help her. past, they discover that this lizard is a sand fish and it begins to move quickly. Thats why it hurts itself and starts to bleed. Noora asks Sager to hold the sand fish in order to help it however the lizard tries to escape. Then, suddenly it jumps into the air and lies on the ground. Noora and Sager think that it is dead but it survives.At the same time, Sager tells Noora that he wastes his time with her as he has a lot of responsibilities. When Noora hears this word, she thinks that her brother says her in order to feel important and in order not to allow her to reply. Then, when Sager and Noora carry buckets of water to bring them back home, Noora rolls up her dress so that she could be able to walk. Thats when Sager becomes incensed and asks her to cover her legs. Noora tells him that she does not do anything wrong and she has the right to act whatever she likes. Then, Sager replies by saying that she is now a ch arwoman and she cannot do actions of little girls. She is now a grownup lady. Noora becomes upset and starts to remember the advices her mother Fatma used to give her such as combing her hair and set kohl in order to look neat and clean. Noora also notices that Sager is starting to abandon his boyhood and act like a man. However, she is sad because he does not show his feelings towards her and begins to move her away. When she returns to the hut, she finds her father Ibrahim preparing food. Ibrahim does not exactly separate between the roles of men and women as he believes these roles have to be interchangeable. He also starts to talk to her about their tribe Al-Salmis and how the leader of this tribe named Ahmed contributes in the destruction of the tribe because he was selfish. Ahmed, in fact, violated the rules which state that tribes must not touch or drink from wells that do not belong to them.However, Ahmed drank from the well of the Hararees tribe and they killed him. Thats why no one from the tribe of Al-Salmi is left except Nooras family. After that, Ibrahim starts to hear the voices no else hears and begins to talk to Noora as if she is someone else as well as spitting at her face. Then, Noora takes him inside the hut to relax. Sager tells his sister that he could ask someone to help their father get better. This person is Zobaida Bint-Sheer and she is a witch. She is able to talk to Jinn the spirits mentioned in the Holy Koran and made of fire. Although Noora disagrees at the beginning, her brother manages to convince her.While they are going to Zobaida, they pass by Mazoolah, a small village where their relatives from their mothers side live. After discussing the issue of their father with their aunt Moza and their friends Saif, Abdullah and Muhammed, Sager and Noora tell them that they are going to give Zobaida money to cure their father. However, the friends say to them that Zobaida is busy with a new rich client who comes from a far distance. Then, Moza suggests that Noora and Sager must give Zobaida honey instead of coins in order to be able to meet and talk to her. Fortunately, they manage to find some bees after leaving the village and catch them. When Noora asks Sager about his behavior towards her and who the rich man he and his friends are talking about is, he tells her that he is sad because he is not able to feed her well and he is angry of their father because he does not allow her to get married. He also adds that he cannot hold the responsibility of both of them and thats why she must marry a wealthy man in order to have a good life. Finally, Noora and Sager reach Nassayem where Zobaida, the witch, lives. However, boys who were playing there from which was Faraj Al-Mugami, the youngest son of Sheikh Khaled the leader of the tribe, attack the two protagonists leaving them without any wood or honey.Now, they will not be able to go to Zobaida. In fact, those boys tell them that Zobaida has a son and she had turne d him into a dog. They call him Dur-Mamad and they start to attack him. Later, Dur-Mamad, the young boy, come to Sager and Noora and kisses their donkey as a sign to follow him. After they meet Zobaida, she tells them that they did something special as they defended her own son. She also tells them that she can help Ibrahim by preparing a potion that would make him a gentle man. However, he will still be mad. Before they leave, Noora and Sager are very surprised as Zobaida says that they have another problem needed to be solved. She tells Sager that he is worry about his sister because she is old now and he becomes the man of the family. Therefore, she tells the protagonists that the only solution is to find her a husband in order to get married. Noora, of course, becomes angry and waits outside the hut till Zobaida and Sager finish their conversation.Then, Noora goes to stay with her aunt Moza and finds out that she has a chest where she keeps a lot of amazing fabrics. Then, Noora decides to sew some clothes for her instead of storing them without any purpose. Moza is very happy because she finally finds out that these fabrics will be useless. At the same time Noora thinks why her brother did not come to get her as she believe two men at the same house will not be able to survive without a woman. While staying with the old woman, Noora hears the footsteps of someone but she does not have the ability to see him or her due to the snore of Moza. However, she finally discovers that he is a man, but she keeps asking herself why he sneaks at night and why he does not show himself.Eventually, she manages to see him and talk to him. He tells Noora that he knows everything about her and that he feels sorry for what happened to her and her family. In spite of the fact that he refuses to tell Noora his name at the beginning, he finally agrees and says that his name his Rashid. Noora believes that Rashid looks familiar to her and then he tells her to meet him at the far well tomorrow. He also says to her that she does not have to stay with the old woman the whole day because no one will notice her absence and she can say that she will go for a walk. Then Rashid fades away in the shadows. In the following day, Noora starts to think whether to go or not to go. She begins to talk with herself regarding the reactions towards her if she decides to meet Rashid at night and if people of the village manage to catch her.She wonders if they will send her home to her brother or beat her or lock her up. This is because women always take the whole responsibility for everything. She thinks that goose egg will happen to Rashid because he is a man while she will have to suffer and bear the consequences of her actions. Finally, Noora takes the risk and goes to meet Rashid. She is excited and scared at the same time because she figures out that Rashid is one of her brothers friends who had joined others for breakfast outside the hut of Moza. She is happy because th is is the first time for her to sit with someone alone someone who is a man not a boy and who is very concerned with her wellbeing. After that, Rashid encourages her to go to a place which he believes Noora will like and he tells her that his intentions towards her are noble. He is right because he shows Noora a very beautiful core out provided with a pool of water that could fit ten adults. Noora becomes very happy and starts to stretch her legs into the water. Rashid, in turn, begins to compliment her eyes, tells her that they are so beautiful and that she must not hide them. Noora starts to think that Rashid truly cares about her. Then, he tells the protagonist that they must go home before it is too late in order not to let anyone know that she was outside the hut. Rashid and Noora used to meet at the cave every single night without anyone noticing and when Moza asks Noora about her absence, Noora tells her that she walks for a long distance.One day a woman named Hessa Bint-Ali came to visit Moza along with her niece Aisha and Aishas mother named Khadeeja. Aisha is promised to marry the son of Hessa. Then, Hessa starts to talk to Moza about how Aisha was sick and how she had lost a lot of weight. On the other side, Noora shows her skills in embroidery and her aunt Moza spreads the news between the women of the village. Nevertheless, no one is interested in the talent of sewing clothes but they do not mind take advantage of such talent to achieve their benefits. In spite of the fact that Noora begins to feel guilty because she hides a secret from her aunt that breaks the rules of the Arab tribal society in which she lives, she neglects her thoughts when she starts thinking of Rashid and his kind lovely gestures. After that, Hessa gives Noora some fabrics and asks her to sew the bridal gown and some clothes for her daughter-in-law in order to prepare her for marriage. Hessa also tells Noora that she is scared because she believes that a strange girl will st eal her son away from her and his awaited bride.When Noora meets Rashid at night, she tells him about her meeting with Hessa. She says that she feels as if Hessa blames her for something though she complimented her skin color. On the contrary, Rashid says to Noora that he is not interested in this idiom and that he wants to talk about him and Noora. He tells her that he cannot eat or sleep or do anything because he keeps thinking of her all day. Despite the fact that Noora feels weak because of his speech and that she feels vulnerable, she becomes helpless. Thats why she starts to change subject and tells Rashid that he can use this pool as a system of falaj in order to wet crops. Suddenly, Rashid becomes angry and asks her to stop talking about this topic because this is his place and he has all the right to show it to whoever he likes. In addition, he tells her that he has the desire to talk about both of them. Suddenly, he asks Noora that he wants to marry her.In the following day, she keeps thinking of what Rashid has told her while she is busy sewing clothes for Aishas wedding. When Moza sees her, she finds out that her face is glowing and asks her if she is happy because of being with her. Noora replies with yes but she wants to tell her the real reason. Nevertheless, she remains silent as Rashid tells her not to talk to anyone unless he asks for her hand formally from her brother Sager. After such proposal presented by Rashid, Noora starts to feel that her meetings with him begin not to become illegitimate or illicit. At the same day when Noora meets her lover, she asks him how he is going to talk to Sager in order to marry her. Noora tells him that her brother might not agree because he sometimes listens to others points of view, Rashid says that he has the ability to talk to Sager and convince him. Then both of them begin to converse about their life in the future together.However, when Noora asks Rashid about the name of his family, he becomes impa tient and tells her that she does not need to know because he will be her family. Then, he tells her that she is treated like a savage and she is always alone. Suddenly, Noora starts to cry and both of them begin to quarrel and push each other. Finally, she fell into water and her clothes become wet. She feels exposed and she tries to cover her body with her hands in order not to make Rashid notice its outline. Then he comes close to her and asks her to forgive him for what he did. When she tries to pull him away because she feels she has to, she could not resist as she becomes attracted towards him. Her heart starts beating while Rashid grabs her towards his embrace. He keeps telling her that he wants both of them to lean into each other and that he loves her so much. Then, he starts kissing her eyes when Noora begins to believe that they have to stop. Suddenly, she tells him in a tone full of authority that she has to go now. She is happy but guilty because she feels that she has done something sinful. However, God is good to her as the sky was raining and now she has an excuse to explain why her clothes were wet. She has a mixture of feelings happy, sad, guilty and excited. She also is sad because she had missed the downpour in order to be with Rashid. When she reaches the village, she promises herself not to let Rashid touch her again till they become married.On the other side, Noora finds out that Hessa had a fight with her son because he does not want to marry Aisha and then he disappears. Noora becomes perplexed because she does not know what the purpose of the wedding clothes would be. Hessa is angry and sad at the same time because she thinks her son is stupid as he refuses to marry his cousin. She also begins to intimation in her speech while talking with Noora that someone evil might have convinced her son to refuse such marriage. Then she asks Noora why she did not walk as always and why she did not go back to her home. Noora replies that she is tired and that she will return home very soon. Suddenly, Noora becomes stunned when Hessa hopes the coming back of her son Rashid. The protagonist begins to wonder if Hessas son was her beloved Rashid or another one. Then Rashid comes to see her and tell her that it is useless for both of them to get married because he has to comply with the wishes of his mother to marry his cousin. Noora is astonished and asks him about his promise to her. Then she decides to get back home. After that, she finds out that her father, just as Rashid, was gone and she was devastated. Sager calms her with his nice words and gives her lot of gifts from which is a ring made of gold. Noora becomes suspicious and asks him how he managed to get all of this money. He tells her that he received help from Zobaida and a merchant client who was visiting her. Then Noora asks her brother what Zobaida and this merchant would have in return for saving the witchs son Dur-Mamad. Sager tells her that she must marry thi s rich merchant in order to live a wealthy life away from poverty. Then, he begins to provide her with information about this groom.His name is Jassem Saeed Bin-Mattar. He is already married to two wives and has a big house. However, Sager tells her sister that she does not need to worry since those two wives will be like her sisters. Noora becomes angry and blames Sager for listening to this old witch and for taking decisions regarding her life instead of her. Then, she tells him that she will not be such bride for this merchant. Nevertheless, her brother forces her to marry this man and thats why Sakina and Gulsom start to prepare her as a bride by showering her with gifts and clothes. Then, Sheikh Kahled, Farajs father, along with her brother, two witnesses and the groom come to do the marriage. Later, Jassem becomes angry because Noora acts nervously and does not want to go with him. At the end, he takes her to a new place called Wadeema.When she arrives to her new home, Noora f inds out that she will live with Latifa, the first wife of Jassem and the oldest one along with Shamsa his second wife. Noora begins to live her marital life while semivowel with the boat of her husband. She also meets Juma Bin-Humaid, Shamsas father and she feels that he has something to say. Noora was true because Juma says to Jassem that he is sad for his daughter because she is still not ready to accept a second fellow wife. Jassem becomes angry to know that his wife went to see her father without his permission. When finally Noora reaches the marital house, Yaqoota, a maid there, begins to show her everything. The, Noora asks her about what her duties are as a wife. Yaqoota replies that she must have a baby as the other two wives did not and thats why the house is childless. Therefore, Noora starts to think that such baby would give her the chance to keep Jassem from coming to her every single night and would fill her empty hours. Thats why she gets happy when she knows that s he will be left alone as Jassem is going to India. On the contrary, Jassem begins to get upset as he loses hope of having a baby, according to what was mentioned by the witch. Thats when he blames Noora for not doing her job as a wife and instead of making love with her, he begins to talk. Noora finds this nice and starts to respond to his talks with a smile. Besides, he informs her about his work which is compile pearls from seas.He also teaches her how to do calculations and becomes friendly with her. However, Noora notices that whenever sun rises, Jassem gets his stern face back. Maha Gargash, the author, goes to explain another side of Nooras life which how her fellow wives treat her. While Lateefa acts as a mother, Shamsa cannot stand her and tells her that Jassem might throw her out when he gets bored of her. Noora starts to worry and think though she knows that she shares certain intimacy with him. Nevertheless, one night he tells her that he is upset with the magic in her e yes and that she cannot deceive him anymore. Noora did not what to do and she is scared that would she become useless and be kicked out of the house. Furthermore, Yaqoota tells Noora that Hamad, who works for her husband on his boat, wants to see her. This was very strange for her as being asked by unmarried man to meet her is not usual. However, all he wanted from Noora was stitching his fathers clothes so that he can use them at work.One day, Jassem tells his wives that he is not going to India as there are no more pearls in the sea. Noora starts to think of poor divers(prenominal) who will not be able to support their families. Jassem also tells his wives that he will go to Leema while they will go to Om Al-Sanam. In addition, Lateefa wants her mirror and thats why she decides to send Noora and Hamad to look for it. Before the journey begins, Hamad talked with Noora about his dreams and how he wanted to be a diver but he failed. Noora starts to feel close to him and thats why she keeps telling herself that he is like a brother to her. As a result, she begins calling him brother Hamad. Furthermore, Noora keeps asking herself why Lateefa wants that mirror so bad but she does not find an answer. After they reached Wadeema, Noora falls and hits her head while searching for the mirror. Therefore, Hamad comes close to her and starts kissing her bruise. Since then, they stopped calling each other brother and sister. Though Noora feels that what she did was wrong, she felt that it was right. When Noora goes back to Lateefa, Lateefa keeps asking her questions and touches her bruise. She asks her what the reason for the bruise was. Noora says that she knocked her head onto the door.At that moment, Lateefa stops asking questions while Noora becomes very worried by her silence. When Hamad and Noora are collecting Henna for Lateefa as she asked them, she tells Hamad that she is concerned Hamad again comes close to Noora and asks her to divorce Jassem because he wants to be with her. When she asks him what she would do with her husband and that he would not agree, Hamad tells her that they will figure something out. He informs her that he will dive and find a big pearl so that they could be able to get married. Noora tells him that he cannot because he has an ache in his ears because of diving before, but Hamad says that he will handle this issue. After they go back to Wadeema to get what Lateefa wanted, Noora and Hamad make love together. However, when Jassem comes back from India, Noora is not satisfied to see her husband as she wants to become happy again with Hamad. Hamad tells her to steal the pearls of Jassem and he would not notice, Noora of course becomes angry. Surprisingly, she is shocked when she finds out that she is pregnant and she keeps thinking about what will happen to her when they find out about her betrayal. Noora of course knows that the baby in her belly is Hamads. So, he comes her one night and shows her the pearl he stole fr om Jassem. He asks her to pack everything because they will leave. When Noora refuses because she cannot go, Hamad never shows himself again. Before disappearing, he tells her that Lateefa arranged for all of their relationship in order to make her pregnant so that she can get a baby for Jassem. Later, Noora knows from Lateefa that he has left in order to find another job in India. Noora becomes relieved

The Contrasts Of The Pillowman Drama English Literature Essay

The Contrasts Of The Pillowman Drama English Literature EssayThe undecomposedification for the existence of late 20th century drama organism integrity of disgraceful an audience break through of their complacency is quite a generalisation, bearing in mind that the two productions in question were al around a 40 years apart. The interim period certainly saw stage productions with developing themes of violence, sex, drugs and rock n roll as with the latest trend of In Yer sheath dramatic art which argon not entirely shocking in their content but also fly in the face of common decency and political correctness.By the end of World War II in 1945, the world had suffered many years of aggression and the violence that goes with it. The lives of everyone involved were affected. It affected the way wad lived, the way people worked and even how theatre counts were written. Pinters The Home glide slope (1963) and McDonaghs The Pillowman (2003) provide an arena where hostility and aggre ssion can no longer be ignored as a social issue. Whether or not there is good reason to say that late 20th Century theatre set out to purposefully shock audiences out of their comfortable nests is debatable when one takes into account the relaxation of censorship in 1968 replaced by a form of self-censorship which gave individual tendwrights the chance to verbalize a more realistic and dramatic approach to everyday issues and concerns that had been festering away underneath societys complacency such as p overty, morality, family values etc. in that location was a progression of theatre productions rather than a rebellion against accepted standards. The content of plays whitethorn have been shocking to audiences but to some extent were not unexpected given the way the theatre productions and indeed the audiences were developing.Pre-war critics and theatre audiences had previously been employ to seeing plays, which were mostly London based and provided a sense of matter obla tion the upper and middle classes a chance to dress formally and sit in splendid surroundings to see and be seen. The content of plays delivered an simple message whether educational or humorous such as a Shakespearean comedy or J.M. Barries Peter Pan, the master(prenominal) theme being one of entertainment rather than a thought provoking spectacle and many playwrights complied with this condition. This is not to say that no contentious issues were placed in the theatrical arena, for example, George Bernard Shaw wrote a series of plays that am theatrical roled and challenged his audiences with his Plays Unpleasant (1898) relating to prostitution and philandering. Shaw was an entertainer and viewed the theatre as a means to make people think and that it had a serious purpose rather than offering the audience a more radical approach to his subject matter. His plays tended to show the accepted attitude, and then demolished that attitude while showing his own solutions. Shaw applyd familiar forms of melodrama, romance and history with unexpected twists, he shocked his audiences but in more of a surprising way as opposed to a more emotionally disturbing, offensive or indecent approach.Eric Bentley said If you wish to attract the audiences attention, be violent if you wish to hold it, be violent again.1This may be interpreted and approached in two ways, either physical violence or verbal violence as a means of not only shocking an audience with either the content of conversations or the stage actions but also to keep their interest in what is going to happen next. A result of more of the same if the audience responds.As a reaction to World War II Absurdist theatre evolved, depicting the absurdity of the modern human dry land and related to a new genre of drama that could not be interpreted in a logical way. What do I know most mans destiny? I could tell you more around radishes.2(Beckett). Absurdist theatre openly rebelled against conventional theatre. One o f the most important aspects of absurd drama is its scepticism of address as a means of communication. Dr. Culik explains that the Theatre of the Absurd tries to make people aware of the possibility of going beyond everyday speech conventions and communicating more authentically3. In Pinters The Homecoming and McDonaghs The Pillowman we are faced with two different dimensions of absurdist theatre in that, both playwrights have created milieus which are difficult for audiences to come to call with. In Pinters The Homecoming we have a setting within one room in a comfortable domestic household in which the use of crude language with violent undertones is at the forefront. The torrent of vulgar and repugnant language shocked audiences to the extent that it could not be rationalised. Hints of violence are demo when Max tells the audience that he was once one of the toughest men in East London and that all men playactd out of his way in the street. at that place is also the direct a nd brutal threat when Max says to his son Lenny Listen Ill chop your spine off if you talk to me like thatPinter exploits claustrophobic power of everyday language in enclosed theatrical space. There is certainly a lack of harmony throughout the play based on the disjointed conversations, lack of continuity and the constant non- sensical verbiage, compounded by the unexpected, e.g. Ruth becoming a whore and Sam dropping baseless etc. There is a disjunctive split between how the actors react to situations in the play and what the audience expect and perceive. Apart from the offensive language, for example, when Max refers to Ruth in a derogatory way, Weve had a smelly scrubber in my house all night. Weve had a stinking pox-ridden slut in my house all night, one of the most disconcerting elements of the Homecoming to the audience would have been the constant long pauses Pinter used thus raising the anxiety of the audience by not knowing what was coming next. One of the most referred to of Pinters comments on his own plays was made during a lecture to students in 1962,4concerning his stage direction trademark in the adoption of the two silences, the use of what became known as the Pinter Pause, when on the one hand, no actor is speaking and secondly, when there is a torrent of non-sensical abuse which has no relevance as to what has just been said and is technically a pause in the proceedings until the return of the topic of conversation.These silences proved perturbing and uncomfortable, even edgy to some audiences. The Homecoming appears to move from naturalism to absurdism, which is profoundly unsettling. Instead of finding a situation which emphasizes the role of the environment upon the characters we are drawn into a state where the characters existence becomes irrational and meaningless. Whilst the heap are naturalistic the dialogue is absurd, employing disjointed, repetitious, and meaningless dialogue, purposeless and confusing situations and plots that lack realistic or logical development. This was not so much a shocking concept but more of a bewildering set of circumstances designed to be thought provoking and perplexing to an audience.McDonaghs The Pillowman on the other hand provides theatre goers with a more subtle approach to absurdist theatre with the actual setting and circumstances being absurd and not necessarily the dialogue. The horrific stories within the play with their explicitly violent subject matter helped to push the boundaries of what was acceptable to a new level and more in the form of brutalist or In Yer Face5theatre as exemplified by Sarah Kanes in Blasted (1995) which exhibits abject horror and atrocities, for example Ian being raped, having his eyes bitten out and being compelled to consume a dead baby as he starves, alone, in the dark., was shocking and seemed unreal, as Kieron Quirke of the Evening Standard said It moves beyond shock theatre to become a healthy reminder that people are capable of anyth ing. I rate it, but I hope it never becomes heresy to dislike it.6The Daily Mail denounced the play as this disgusting feast of filth, the Sunday Telegraph spoke scathingly against its gratuitous welter of carnage7and the Spectator called it a sordid little antic of a play8.McDonagh, having been influenced by Pinter and indeed the film director Quentin Tarantino presents a twisted psychological horror and dark examination of a storytellers (Katurian) hold over an audience by the use of on-stage narrative to explore the power of the stories themselves to shock. The Pillowman is not just an apparent political play it is a play with the artist sacrificing his lifetime in order to protect his art for the future. Artistic freedom was at the core of this play and the responsibility that goes with it. Set in an unknown totalitarian state, this was an opportunity for a playwright to decry the evil and unjust way that dictatorships subdued freedom of speech which we were anticipating howev er McDonagh turns this presumption on its head. Katurian is actually being interrogated by a couple of comical, brutal cops not because his stories are subversive to the totalitarian regime, but because they are almost entirely about the brutal torture and murder of peasantren.Kturins stories read like exact plans for some recent murders of children. Katurian is questioned about the gruesome subject matter of his short stories and their similarities to a number of strange child murders that have recently occurred. Kturins short stories are haunting and horrific eg. 101 ways to skewer 5-yer-old. Michael Billington, of the Guardian said in the end, you sense that McDonagh is compete with big issues to do with literatures power to outlast tyranny rather than writing from any kind of experience.9Robert Isenberg commented that The Pillowman is a test of will, suitable only for the gutsiest theatregoer10.The Pillowman is more of discomforting experience, shocking in its content but on e containing wonderfully dark humour almost akin to the fairy tales of our youth with lurid and fantastical themes, the Brothers Grimm springs to mind.The Pillowman is a very unsettling and thought-provoking play, a review in the Financial Times referred to the play as A complex tale about life and art, about fact and illusion, about politics, society, cruelty and creativity.11Whether or not McDonaghs intention was to set out to shock audiences rather than provide intriguing subjects for debate is open to conjecture.Because things are the way they are, things will not stay the way they are.12(BrechtWas the raison detre of late twentieth century drama to shock audiences out of their complacency? Did Pinters The Homecoming and McDonaghs The Pillowman set out to shock audiences? Or was the relaxation of censorship in 1968 to prove the catalyst for more adventurous playwrights to buck the system and take on the more schematic theatrical styles? Was the avant garde approach by Pinter in 1963 just a starter for things to come? Richard Drain remarked once again the actor stands out as the main transmitter of the invigorating shock. But what must we do to make this shock effective, to help the actor transmit to the audience?13The Mail on Sunday referred to The Pillowman as an extraordinary play, Kafkaesque, Pinteresque, but more then anything absolutely McDonaghesque14It would appear that anything unusual, out of the ordinary or quirky in its theatrical content obtained a account associated with the playwright. McDonagh even parodied this in The Pillowman when one of the interrogators paraphrases one of Kturins stories to him, to which the writer replies, Thats a good story. Thats something-esque. What kind of esque is it? I cant remember. I dont really go in for that esque sort of stuff anyway, but theres nothing wrong with the story. I believe that rather than trying to shock people out of their complacent sense of warranter about how the world and other people w ork that late 20th Century drama was more of an evolution than a revolution. As aptly hurtle by Brian Cliff. Grotesque excess reduces shock value.152,087 words

Nursing Management of a Chronic Illness: Diabetes

Nursing Management of a Chronic Illness DiabetesMaddison AdamsOver time, ineffective management of diabetes can lead to a number of wellness related problems much(prenominal) as damage to the heart, short letter vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. Diabetes is a rapidly growing wellness epidemic. Insulin is a hormone that is produced to regular blood sugar levels. Diabetes is a inveterate disorder that can be political campaignd by the pancreas producing an inadequate amount of insulin this is referred to as type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is not preventable and the cause is not known. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by the body ineffectively using the insulin produced by the pancreas. This type of diabetes occurs in approximately 90% of the individuals living with diabetes. It is mainly caused by obesity and lack of physical exercise. Another type of diabetes is referred to as gestational diabetes this is caused by hyperglycemia during pregnancy. The incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes has made a dramatic increase in recent years. It is classified as one of the worlds leading causes of illness and premature death.powerlessness is referred to as the feelings expressed by an individual suffering from a chronic illness, it can occur at some point during their illness. There be many methods in which individuals with diabetes can agree and be involved in their own healthcare. Nurses play a very important role in improving the health outcomes of individuals living with diabetes. Some strategies a obtain can implement to empower and facilitate self-management for patients and families or carers include educating the lymph gland about correct administration of insulin and blood glucose supervise, empowerment of the lymph gland in order for them to recognize and acknowledge the amount of control their put one across and require regarding their own health outcomes as well as assisting the guest with the development of realistic and possible health care cultures.The lymph gland is in complete control of their healthcare prerequisites. Previous research has highlighted the importance of the role of the nurse and how they can improve leaf node compliance and ultimately improve the quality of lifespan in individuals living with diabetes. This improvement is influenced by education and empowerment techniques employ by the nurse that enable the customer to effectively self-manage their chronic illness. Diabetes is a worldwide health epidemic, indeed it is critical that individuals involved in the care of a client with diabetes take the necessary bring through to naturalise and empower the client with diabetes. Recent statistics has highlighted the prevalence of diabetes. In 2013, approximately 347 million individuals worldwide lived with diabetes. It is predicted that by 2030, diabetes lead be the seventh leading cause of death. Complications associated with diabetes includes kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, diabe tic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy. According to WHO, in 2004 it was estimated that 34 million individuals died as a result of the complications of diabetes such as hyperglycemia.Poorly controlled diabetes contributes to other consequences other than the physical consequences. These include the emotional impact on the individual and family or carer and the pecuniary issues associated with living with a chronic illness. These consequences combine to result in the client with diabetes becoming less compliant and also experiencing a reduced quality of life. The negative consequence of living with diabetes exposes the client to the risks of lifelong financial and emotional issues. The nurse plays a diverse role in assisting their client with education regarding how to embrace their chronic illness with the aim to get to the best possible quality of life. Introducing an explaining the medical interventions that are implemented in order to manage diabetes, such as insulin and blood glucose monitoring, encourages the creation of realistic and attainable goals as well as assisting the client to form what to self-manage and learn certain copying techniques in order to gain control over with health outcomes, excludeing the illness taking control are some strategies that allows the clients to make informed choice and changes to their healthcare in the future.The first strategy the nurse can implement is assisting their client with developing realistic and attainable goals in regards to their longtime diabetes management. Encouraging the client to create health care goals provide not alship canal lead to the client attaining them. The nurse must understand and be aware of the various problems related to helping their client develop health care goals that are realistic, and especially attainable. The goals the client creates must be specific and based on physical outcomes (e.g. not drinking sweetened beverages), measureable (e.g. running for half an hour twice a w eek), action orientated (e.g. exercise). The goals must be both challenging but realistic so that the client is not discouraged by the over challenging goals or has no sense of accomplishment due to ease of attaining goal.There are numerous barricades that are related to creating goals and may deter the client from achieving them. Knowledge shortfall regarding the influence of lifestyle factors on diabetes management may cause clients to misunderstand the importance of setting health goals and prevent them from adhering to them. The client may also avoid changes to their health behavior goals due to emotional barriers such as lack of motivation. Another disadvantage the nurse may face when assisting their client with creating a goal is lack of finances and barriers in available resources. These barriers include lack of money and lack of social support systems. Clients may require assistance with planning ways to overcome difficulties to attaining health goals. These difficulties ma y include the inability to afford fresh fruit and vegetables to maintain a nutrient rich diet. It is important that strategies are in place for each barrier the nurse identifies in order to overcome them. This is due to some clients lacking the skills required to solve problems that may come in contact with when living with a chronic illness when consumed with other issues such as financial difficulties.Another strategy the nurse can implement is educating the client on the correct administration of insulin and blood glucose monitoring. Many barriers can impair the clients ability to self-manage their diabetes in an effective manner despite having been amend on medication administration and blood glucose monitoring. Clients may be resistant to following a insulin administration regimen due to factors such as caution of administrating an injection, being uncertain about the correct injection techniques and being afraid of having a hyperglycemia or hypoglycemic episode. These concer ns are shared among individuals with diabetes in regards to monitoring their blood glucose levels. According to H, the clients that became tolerant of daily blood glucose monitoring remain unaware of how to correctly interpret the blood glucose levels and were unaware of how to change their food utilisation and contribution to physical activity, let alone determine when insulin administration was required.Current diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a short program that clients with diabetes complete and involves education regarding basic self-management skills. however education and developments of these skills is required in order to allow patients to possess the adequate knowledge and the comfort required to effectively manage their illness for their lifetime. Another barrier related to educating the client on the correct administration of insulin and blood glucose monitoring involves lack of finances that are required to adequately maintain control of the clients chron ic illness. A client that has been diagnosed with diabetes will live with the illness for their entire life therefore the financial impact on the client will be lifelong.The financial impact of living with a chronic illness such as diabetes can contribute to emotional and financial difficulties that may name a negative effect on the client self-management efforts. Issues the client may face living with diabetes includes the inability to afford the supplies required to maintain specific health goals. This financial difficulty can be caused by lack of health insurance or low socio-economic status and has the potential to put the client at risk of having reduced compliance and poorer health outcomes. According to Stys (2007), clients living with diabetes that receive health insurance can afford prescription medications and therefore are involved in better health outcomes compared to client without health insurance. Also, many clients are able to self-manage their diabetes but are una ble to due to financial difficulties.The final strategy the nurse can implement is assisting the patient to develop copying techniques as well as empowering them to identify and acknowledge the control they have on their diabetes. Educating the client regarding ways to cope and empowering them to effectively self-manage their diabetes is an important role of the nurse. The client may experience stress as a result of the maintenance of the complications of diabetes, depression, tough medication and diet guidelines and the feeling of being overwhelmed is associated with the client being less likely to effectively self-manage their illness. Morbidity, mortality, limitation to function and reduced quality of life can been caused by emotional distress. The nurse must respond to stress experienced by their client quickly in order to adequate educate them on ways of coping with diabetes as well as encouraging the client to gain a reasonable understanding and acceptance of their illness. T his is a requirement for patients living with diabetes and will result in the client feeling empowered and in control of their health.Despite advances in the treatment of diabetes, clients with the chronic illness have less than optimal control and therefore suffer from preventable complications associated with it. There are numerous methods in which individuals with diabetes can control and be involved in their own healthcare. Previous research has highlighted the importance of the role of the nurse and how they can improve client compliance and ultimately improve the quality of life in individuals living with diabetes. This improvement is influenced by education and empowerment techniques implemented by the nurse that enable the client to effectively self-manage their chronic illness. Being aware of the strategies that are effective in assisting a client with a chronic illness as well as the barriers they may face is an important aspect in improving the health outcomes of individu als living with diabetes.ReferencesAldridge, V 2005, Facilitating self-management for diabetes patients, Practice Nurse, 29, 11, pp. 33-38, Health Business Elite.Asimakopoulou, K 2007, Empowerment in the self-management of diabetes Are we ready to test assumptions, Talking Point, 4, 3, pp.94-97.Cyrino, A, Schraiber, L, Teixeira, R 2009, Education for type 2 diabetes mellitus self-care From compliance to empowerment, Interface, 13, 30, pp.93-106.Funnell, M, Tang, T, Anderson, R 2007, From research to practice/DSME support. From DSME to DSMS Developing empowerment-based diabetes self-management support, Diabetes Spectrum, 20, 4, pp. 221-226.Funnel, M, Anderson, R 2004, Empowerment and self-management of diabetes, 22, 2, pp.123-127.Heisler, M 2007, From research to practice/DSME support. Overview of peer support models to improve diabetes self-management and clinical outcomes, Diabetes Spectrum, 20, 4, pp. 214-221.Marrero, D, Ard, J, Delamater, A, Peragallo-Dittko, V, Mayer-Davis, E, Nwankwo, R, Fisher, E 2013, Twenty-first century behavioral medicine A context for empowering clinicians and patients with diabetes, Diabetes Care, 36, 2, pp.463-470.Peyrot, M, Rubin, R 2007, Behavioral and psychosocial interventions in diabetes A conceptual review, Diabetes Care, 30, 10, pp.2433-2441.Scambler, S, Newtown, P, Asimakopoulou, K 2014, The context of empowerment and self-care within the field of diabetes, Health, 1, 16, pp.1-16.Stys, A Kulkarni, K 2007, Identification of self-care behaviors and adoption of lifestyle changes result in sustained glucose control and reduction of comorbidities in Type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Spectrum, 20, 1, pp.55-59.World Health Organization 2013, Diabetes Program 2013, retrieved May 5th, 2014, http//www.who.int/diabetes/en/MADDISON ADAMS (211265503)

Teen Crime :: essays research papers

How safe are teens wheresoever they go? Despite many peoples attempts, teen violence is something that hasnt entirely come to an end. Recently, 59% of students in grades six by dint of twelve knew where to get a electric ray if they wanted one, according to the Harvard School of Public Health. The U.S. Surgeon ordinary shows that each social class, students spend $5.5 billion on alcohol, perhaps the cause of many violent criminal offenses affiliated by them. Northeastern Universitys College of Criminal Justice reports that from 1985 to 1993, murders committed by people between the ages of 14-17 increased 165%. Certain adult crimes on the separate hand, strike decreased. There are many organizations out there that befriend forbid teen violence, some which include the subject field Alliance For Safe Schools, Mothers Against Teen Violence, The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, and more. Is there anything else though, that we can do to prevent teen violence from e scalating to an even higher level?The numbers are getting large and bigger. Since 1985, murder arrests of teens have jumped up 92%. In the year 2000, 2,369,400 youth arrests were made. Many which included violence towards others. In 2005, out of the 36,000,000+ inhabitants we have here in California, 2,503 were charged for murder, 9,392 for forcible rape, 114,661 for aggravated assault, and 692,467 for theft. Although crime here in California isn?t as high as it was virtually the ?90s, it is easy increasing through the years. Statistics show that something needs to be done. Increasing crime varies on crime type. For instance, between 2000-2004, Larceny has increased. Also, from 1999-2005 vehicle theft and burglary have increased dramatically. On the other hand, forcible rape in recent years is slowly decreasing. This goes to show that crime is unpredictable. It can look as if it is creation prevented for a while, and suddenly increase, pathetic lives everywhere in a negative wa y. By 1991, crime rate was 313% the 1960 crime rate. Chances of being a victim of crime in 1960 were 1.89%, where in 1996, the chances of being a victim raised to 5.079%. Overall, crime is increasing. It can be local, or even across the nation, but we know that it is there and is on the rise. Approximately 5% of the U.S. population are victims of crime each year. That?s around 13 million people and is unacceptable. But out of all these crimes committed, which ones are of adults and which ones are of teens?Teen Crime essays research papersHow safe are teens wherever they go? Despite many peoples attempts, teen violence is something that hasnt completely come to an end. Recently, 59% of students in grades six through twelve knew where to get a gun if they wanted one, according to the Harvard School of Public Health. The U.S. Surgeon General shows that each year, students spend $5.5 billion on alcohol, perhaps the cause of many violent crimes committed by them. Northeastern Universi tys College of Criminal Justice reports that from 1985 to 1993, murders committed by people between the ages of 14-17 increased 165%. Certain adult crimes on the other hand, have decreased. There are many organizations out there that help prevent teen violence, some which include the National Alliance For Safe Schools, Mothers Against Teen Violence, The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, and more. Is there anything else though, that we can do to prevent teen violence from escalating to an even higher level?The numbers are getting bigger and bigger. Since 1985, murder arrests of teens have jumped up 92%. In the year 2000, 2,369,400 youth arrests were made. Many which included violence towards others. In 2005, out of the 36,000,000+ inhabitants we have here in California, 2,503 were charged for murder, 9,392 for forcible rape, 114,661 for aggravated assault, and 692,467 for theft. Although crime here in California isn?t as high as it was around the ?90s, it is slowly increa sing through the years. Statistics show that something needs to be done. Increasing crime varies on crime type. For instance, between 2000-2004, Larceny has increased. Also, from 1999-2005 vehicle theft and burglary have increased dramatically. On the other hand, forcible rape in recent years is slowly decreasing. This goes to show that crime is unpredictable. It can look as if it is being prevented for a while, and suddenly increase, touching lives everywhere in a negative way. By 1991, crime rate was 313% the 1960 crime rate. Chances of being a victim of crime in 1960 were 1.89%, where in 1996, the chances of being a victim raised to 5.079%. Overall, crime is increasing. It can be local, or even across the nation, but we know that it is there and is on the rise. Approximately 5% of the U.S. population are victims of crime each year. That?s around 13 million people and is unacceptable. But out of all these crimes committed, which ones are of adults and which ones are of teens?

The Cult of True Womanhood and The Yellow Wallpaper :: Yellow Wallpaper essays

The fury of sure Womanhood and The Yellow Wallpaper Prior to the twentieth century, men assigned and be womens roles. Although all women were effected by men determining womens behavior, largely middle class women suffered. workforce perpetrated an ideological prison that subjected and silenced women. This ideology, called the Cult of True Womanhood, legitimized the victimization of women. The Cult of Domesticity and the Cult of Purity were the central tenets of the Cult of True Womanhood. Laboring under the seeming benevolence of the Cult of Domesticity, women were imprisoned in the home or private sphere, a servant tending to the needs of the family. Furthermore, the Cult of Purity obliged women to remain virtuous and pure even in marriage, with their comportment continuing to be one of modesty. Religious piety and submission were tactual sensations that were more peripheral components of the ideology, yet both were borne of and a part of the ideology of True Womanhood. These were the means that men used to insure the passivity and docility of women. Religion would pacify any desires that could cause a deviation from these set standards, while submission implied a vulnerability and dependence on the patriarchal head (Welter 373-377). The medical professions godlike attitude in The Yellow Wallpaper demonstrates this arrogance. The Rest be cured _or_ healed that Dr. Weir Mitchell prescribed, which is mentioned in Gilmans work, reflects mens disparaging attitudes. His Rest cure calls for complete rest, coerced feeding and isolation. Mitchell, a neurosurgeon specializing in womens nervous ailments, expounded upon his belief for womens nervous conditions when he said, American woman is, to speak plainly, too often physically unfit for her duties as woman, and is perhaps of all civilized females the to the lowest degree qualified to undertake those weightier tasks which tax so heavily the nervous system of man. She is not fairly up to what nature asks fro m her as wife and mother. How will she get under ones skin herself under the pressure of those yet more exacting duties which nowadays she is eager to share with the man? (Mitchell 141) On the other hand, the male sector of society enjoyed mobility. Men reaped benefits from not only the private domain, but they were also free to leave and enter the public sphere. They received nurturing from women in the private arena. The public sphere was where men enjoyed the competition engendered in the market place through which they gained their identity.